欧洲禁塑？
时间：2022-08-10
去年7月，关于欧洲禁塑的消息在朋友圏刷了屏。
例如这样的：
欧洲全面禁塑通知！
近日我司收到各地清关代理通知，为响应全球环保号召，自7月起欧洲禁止进口与人体有接触的塑料制品至欧盟各地，其中明确禁止进口的产品有：塑料饭盒、塑料餐具、吸管、水杯、棉签、气球杆、塑料袋等常见塑料制品，请各位客户注意，我司即日起不收此类相关产品，并由于禁塑令属于全球性趋势，关于在途的相关的塑料产品在清关中遇查验/扣货，我司只能尽力配合代理处理此类货物，但无法承担客户的损失，请知悉！
还有这样的：
看起来，呃，挺像那么回事的。
于是乎顺着这个藤[DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/904]摸到了这个瓜[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32019L0904&from=EN
]，结果真相居然是这样的：
DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/904 附件B部分：
Single-use plastic products covered by Article 5 on restrictions on placing on the market
(1) Cotton bud sticks, except if they fall within the scope of Council Directive 90/385/EEC (1) or Council Directive 93/42/EEC (2);
(2) Cutlery (forks, knives, spoons, chopsticks);
(3) Plates;
(4) Straws, except if they fall within the scope of Directive 90/385/EEC or Directive 93/42/EEC;
(5) Beverage stirrers;
(6) Sticks to be attached to and to support balloons, except balloons for industrial or other professional uses and applications that are not distributed to consumers, including the mechanisms of such sticks;
(7) Food containers made of expanded polystyrene, i.e. receptacles such as boxes, with or without a cover, used to contain food which:
(a) is intended for immediate consumption, either on-the-spot or take-away,
(b) is typically consumed from the receptacle, and
(c) is ready to be consumed without any further preparation, such as cooking, boiling or heating,
including food containers used for fast food or other meal ready for immediate consumption, except beverage containers, plates and packets and wrappers containing food;
(8) Beverage containers made of expanded polystyrene, including their caps and lids;
(9) Cups for beverages made of expanded polystyrene, including their covers and lids.
塑料袋呢？其他一次性塑料制品呢？
简单来说，欧盟发现，80%-85%的海洋垃圾（以海滩垃圾计数）是塑料，其中一次性塑料占了50%，与捕鱼相关的物品占了27%，而这些塑料会对海洋和陆地造成严重污染。为减少污染，欧盟发布了这条指令，就能管理大部分塑料垃圾了，文件中说是能涵盖欧盟海滩发现的一次性塑料的86%。
以下是对DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/904的概括。
其中B部分是限制投放市场的，也就是网传欧盟禁止进口的部分。
其它有关于减少消费的，教育消费者减少消费一次性塑料和回收的，生产者责任延伸的（生产者付钱处理产品包装，激励环保包装材料研发或减少包装材料的使用）等。
F部分关于PET饮料瓶使用再生产塑料比例的目标，2025年起至少要含有25%再生塑料，2030年起至少要含有30%再生塑料。F部分关于一次性塑料制品回收目标，2025年77%，2029年90%（重量）。还给了实现目标的建议，例如押金退还计划（想起小时候买啤酒还啤酒瓶小卖部分退钱）。
所以在目前情况下，完全禁塑也是不现实的，只能一步步来。
附件
正文
PART A
consumption reduction
Article 4
PART B
restrictions
Article 5
PART C
product requirements
Article 6 (1)~(4)
PART D
marking requirements
Article 7
PART E I
extended producer responsibility
Article 8 (2)
PART E II
Article 8 (3)
PART E III
Article 8 (3)
PART F
product requirements
Article 6 (5)
separate collection
Article 9
PART G
awareness raising
Article 10
但是这文件里没有关于占了海滩垃圾27%渔具的限制是怎么回事？
另，除塑料外，欧盟包装和包装废物指令对除塑料外的其他包装材料也有回收目标，如下：
Targets
By 31 December 2025, at least 65% by weight of all packaging waste must be recycled. The recycling targets per material are:
50% of plastic
25% of wood
70% of ferrous metals
50% of aluminium
70% of glass, and
75% of paper and cardboard.
By 31 December 2030, at least 70% by weight of all packaging waste must be recycled. This includes:
55% of plastic
30% of wood
80% of ferrous metals
60% of aluminium
75% of glass and
85% of paper and cardboard.
~~~完~~~
例如这样的：
欧洲全面禁塑通知！
近日我司收到各地清关代理通知，为响应全球环保号召，自7月起欧洲禁止进口与人体有接触的塑料制品至欧盟各地，其中明确禁止进口的产品有：塑料饭盒、塑料餐具、吸管、水杯、棉签、气球杆、塑料袋等常见塑料制品，请各位客户注意，我司即日起不收此类相关产品，并由于禁塑令属于全球性趋势，关于在途的相关的塑料产品在清关中遇查验/扣货，我司只能尽力配合代理处理此类货物，但无法承担客户的损失，请知悉！
还有这样的：
看起来，呃，挺像那么回事的。
于是乎顺着这个藤[DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/904]摸到了这个瓜[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32019L0904&from=EN
]，结果真相居然是这样的：
DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/904 附件B部分：
Single-use plastic products covered by Article 5 on restrictions on placing on the market
(1) Cotton bud sticks, except if they fall within the scope of Council Directive 90/385/EEC (1) or Council Directive 93/42/EEC (2);
(2) Cutlery (forks, knives, spoons, chopsticks);
(3) Plates;
(4) Straws, except if they fall within the scope of Directive 90/385/EEC or Directive 93/42/EEC;
(5) Beverage stirrers;
(6) Sticks to be attached to and to support balloons, except balloons for industrial or other professional uses and applications that are not distributed to consumers, including the mechanisms of such sticks;
(7) Food containers made of expanded polystyrene, i.e. receptacles such as boxes, with or without a cover, used to contain food which:
(a) is intended for immediate consumption, either on-the-spot or take-away,
(b) is typically consumed from the receptacle, and
(c) is ready to be consumed without any further preparation, such as cooking, boiling or heating,
including food containers used for fast food or other meal ready for immediate consumption, except beverage containers, plates and packets and wrappers containing food;
(8) Beverage containers made of expanded polystyrene, including their caps and lids;
(9) Cups for beverages made of expanded polystyrene, including their covers and lids.
塑料袋呢？其他一次性塑料制品呢？
简单来说，欧盟发现，80%-85%的海洋垃圾（以海滩垃圾计数）是塑料，其中一次性塑料占了50%，与捕鱼相关的物品占了27%，而这些塑料会对海洋和陆地造成严重污染。为减少污染，欧盟发布了这条指令，就能管理大部分塑料垃圾了，文件中说是能涵盖欧盟海滩发现的一次性塑料的86%。
以下是对DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/904的概括。
其中B部分是限制投放市场的，也就是网传欧盟禁止进口的部分。
其它有关于减少消费的，教育消费者减少消费一次性塑料和回收的，生产者责任延伸的（生产者付钱处理产品包装，激励环保包装材料研发或减少包装材料的使用）等。
F部分关于PET饮料瓶使用再生产塑料比例的目标，2025年起至少要含有25%再生塑料，2030年起至少要含有30%再生塑料。F部分关于一次性塑料制品回收目标，2025年77%，2029年90%（重量）。还给了实现目标的建议，例如押金退还计划（想起小时候买啤酒还啤酒瓶小卖部分退钱）。
所以在目前情况下，完全禁塑也是不现实的，只能一步步来。
附件
正文
PART A
consumption reduction
Article 4
PART B
restrictions
Article 5
PART C
product requirements
Article 6 (1)~(4)
PART D
marking requirements
Article 7
PART E I
extended producer responsibility
Article 8 (2)
PART E II
Article 8 (3)
PART E III
Article 8 (3)
PART F
product requirements
Article 6 (5)
separate collection
Article 9
PART G
awareness raising
Article 10
但是这文件里没有关于占了海滩垃圾27%渔具的限制是怎么回事？
另，除塑料外，欧盟包装和包装废物指令对除塑料外的其他包装材料也有回收目标，如下：
Targets
By 31 December 2025, at least 65% by weight of all packaging waste must be recycled. The recycling targets per material are:
50% of plastic
25% of wood
70% of ferrous metals
50% of aluminium
70% of glass, and
75% of paper and cardboard.
By 31 December 2030, at least 70% by weight of all packaging waste must be recycled. This includes:
55% of plastic
30% of wood
80% of ferrous metals
60% of aluminium
75% of glass and
85% of paper and cardboard.
~~~完~~~